Before the instruction, let's see how the electromagnet works. What Wikipedia tells us:
An electromagnet is a device that creates a magnetic field when an electric current passes through it. Typically, an electromagnet consists of a winding and a ferromagnetic core, which acquires the properties of a magnet when an electric current passes through the winding.
- Unclear? I will explain simply:
When electricity passes through wires and revolves around a nail (core), and the nail acquires the properties of a natural magnet (like on a refrigerator (made of magnetic ore)). And without a nail, a magnet can only work much weaker.
- Where are electromagnets used:
Strong electromagnets are used in different mechanisms for different purposes. For example, an electromagnetic crane is used in metallurgical and metal processing plants to move scrap metal and finished parts. The factories often work with machines that are also called "magnetic tables", on which you can work with iron or steel products that are fixed with magnets using powerful electromagnets. You just need to turn on the current to firmly fix the part in any desired position on the table, turn off the current to release the product. When packing magnetic ores from non-magnetic ones, for example, when cleaning pieces of iron ore from waste rock, magnetic separators are used, in which the ore being cleaned passes through a powerful magnetic field of electromagnets that collects all magnetic elements from it.
We will need:
- Iron nail
- Thin insulated wire (the more the better)
- Battery (any power, not less than 1.5V)
- Objects for checking the magnet (paper clips, buttons, pins)
- Wire Stripper (Optional)
- Duct tape
Safety regulations:
- Do not try to connect the wires to a 220V outlet. Our electromagnet uses electricity, and when you connect it to a standard high voltage, then you will have a short circuit in the whole house.
- You should have plenty of loose wire to the battery. If so, you will not have strong electrical resistance, and the battery will self-destruct!
- Our electromagnet needs only low voltage. If you will use high voltage
an electric shock awaits you.
And now for the instructions:
1. Wrap the copper wire around the nail, but so that there is about 30 cm left at each end, make sure that the wire is twisted only in one direction or you will have two small fields that will interfere with each other. IMPORTANT: The wire should be wound so that it does not lie far from the previous coil, but was not on it.
Hint: The more layers the stronger the magnet, you can even make a multilayer.
2. Now let's clean the ends of the copper wire (about 3 cm), preferably with a wire cleaning device. They must be cleaned for better current flow. After cleaning, the ends will look brighter than untreated.
3.Take one end of the wire and connect it to the plus of the battery, and then glue them with adhesive tape so that they touch each other. And if you press with your finger, then we will start the magnet.
IMPORTANT: The wire and battery plus must be connected continuously.
What we did: We connected the contacts in one circuit (in fact this is a short circuit) and form a magnetic field (I already wrote about this above). To turn it off you need to release the wire.
DONE!
What we learned: We learned how a simple electromagnet works and how to make it and where it is used.
Thank you all for reading this to the end! With you was kompik92.