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PCB drilling machine with automatic adjustment

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This article describes the process of self-manufacturing a drilling machine for printed circuit boards. The author of this homemade product is Roman (YouTube channel "Open Frime TV")

The base of the machine is printed on a 3d printer. 3D model can download HERE. If you do not have a 3d printer - it doesn’t matter, you can use this case:

You will learn how to make such from this video.



In general, today's homemade product is an improved version of the drilling machine from the video above, so to say, the drilling machine version 2.0. Those who have not seen this video, be sure to watch.

So, what exactly has the drilling machine undergone? And the change is as follows:
1) Automatic speed control drill. When there is no load, the revolutions are minimal, as soon as the load appears, the revolutions increased to maximum, and then again fell. This, I tell you, is a very useful thing. Firstly, it reduces brush wear, and secondly, it makes it easier to aim when drilling.

2) The next change is the drill. Prior to this, the author used ordinary drills for metal of the desired diameter.

But for these purposes there are special cool carbide drills.

The author ordered them and realized how much these drills facilitated the drilling process. Firstly, they have a spiral shape and you won’t have dust scattered all over the table, and secondly, they blunt much longer than ordinary drills, which is a huge plus.

It was also possible to replace the collet chuck with a keyless chuck, it costs a little more, but the benefits are much greater, you do not need to constantly change the collet.

But since we have carbide drills in which all the tails are the same, you can leave this cartridge, there are no special problems with it.
Now let's see how all this is implemented. The machine itself is going to be easy. We do everything according to the picture of the author of this model. We slowly assemble it by connecting the moving parts, and also lubricate them, since this is plastic and can easily be developed.




The only thing that is not provided for in the 3D model of the case is the stand, it will have to be made independently. The author made it of wood. She is quite weighty, as if she would not stagger.


To give a beautiful look, the author also painted it black.

As you can see, it turned out no worse than the factory models.
The next step is to consider a circuit for automatic speed control.

It is simple, only 2 transistors and a strapping.

It is desirable to put the power transistor on a radiator.

Let's see how this scheme works. Without load on the base of the power transistor, voltage comes from the trimmer resistor. This transistor is in the ajar state.

Now about what happens when the load is applied. On one leg of the shunt resistor, the voltage becomes less than on the other:

In this case, on the basis of the second transistor, the voltage becomes less than on the emitter, and it opens, pulling the base of the power transistor to the plus power. Accordingly, the power transistor opens at full power and the engine speed increases.


As soon as the load disappeared, the voltage difference became smaller, and the upper transistor closed. The engine again barely rotates. By changing the resistance of the tuning resistor, you can set the minimum engine speed.

The only difficult task in this circuit is the selection of a shunt resistor.

If you take it with a larger nominal value, then the voltage will constantly drop on it, and, therefore, the lower transistor will always be open.

For different engines, the rating will be different. The author bought 10 resistors with a nominal value of 1 ohm to 10 ohms and began to try.

With a 2Ω resistor, optimal performance was achieved. And remember, the more powerful the motor, the less the rating must be taken.

Move on. The circuit board of this controller turned out to be very small. This can be assembled without any problems on the layout, but we will do it on a printed circuit board.

We solder a scarf.

And so it works. As you can see, the multimeter captures the voltage directly on the motor.


We touch the cartridge with a finger and the speed immediately increases. We remove the finger, and they fall to the set.

Oddly enough, with such a simplicity of the circuit, the operation is trouble-free. No changes in this project remained lighting. These are all the same 4 LEDs with a power of 1 W each located below the engine on such a radiator plate.


For beauty we’ll hide the circuit board, wires and a switch in the case. Here, the case from the old power supply is perfect.

We will drill the necessary holes in it and now it remains to connect everything together.





Well, we’ve gathered the stanochki. It turned out pretty nicely, not distinguishable from the factory model. As you can see, a capacitor of 100 nF is installed on the engine. When the brushes start to wear out, it will protect against false positives.

Well, in the end, you can test the machine. To do this, take some old board and try to drill. The author turned off the backlight so as not to blind the camera.



As you can see, the drilling process is just perfect. He aimed, gave a little load and easily drilled a hole.
Well, that’s all. Thank you for attention. See you soon!

Video:
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4 commentary
And if even one board every day - it seems to me, it will be more convenient to hand, will not it?)))
It is, of course, a matter of taste, but to get into the right point in trembling (for obvious reasons) shaking buzzing hummer is still fun! smile
The automatic regulator is a very good idea. Because the motor constantly buzzing to the fullest is really annoying.3D is certainly modern and trendy, but there are a thousand other more undemanding methods for equipment to make machine parts. Removing the spindle is not enough. It’s better not to cut this. Not always small boards. But in general, everything is fine. For me, the task now is to adapt this circuit to electric drills. As you know, AC collector motors work fine at constant voltage. So if you put a diode bridge in the power circuit and select a little radio components, I think everything should work out.
What about the machine? Is he definitely needed? Is it so important to maintain the perpendicular that hands can no longer? And without a regulator in any way? Is it hard to get there?

The machine is a necessary thing, especially with a large number of holes! In addition, carbide drills are very fragile and can break at the slightest skew, so here the machine will be more profitable! The regulator is also a useful thing - it’s easy to drill through the centers of the patch! In short, this is a convenient thing, if it is made correctly!
Of course, I was "not on these matters" ... But, once upon a time, like everything at that time, I took a motor (I got it from a military radio station), turned it on, drilled a bit in the shaft along the axis, holding a drill in his hand, and “drilling himself against it with a pile”, then dipped the shank of the drill into acid, dropped it into a hole in the shaft, inserted the drill into the shaft and oppayal. And he drilled me boards for many, many years. Because how to blunt a drill for metal on foil textolite - it’s thousands and tens of thousands of holes ....
What about the machine? Is he definitely needed? Is it so important to maintain the perpendicular that hands can no longer? And without a regulator in any way? Is it difficult to get there? ... Uh ... A pin with an awl, if your hands are trembling? ..
Again ... And if the board is 30 by 30 cm, then for its central areas special stations are needed ?? Because, as I understand it, with my hands no-and-and-is-I-I-I-I! It will turn out not perpendicularly and the lower edge of the hole can shift even by one tenth of a mm !!! )))
Not ... I warned that "not on these matters," and therefore, perhaps, I don’t understand something ... But, as it seems to me .... Maybe for prof. use and need. If you drill a full day ... And if even one board every day - it seems to me, it will be more convenient to hand, will not it?)))
P.S. A lyrical digression about “trembling hands” ... Recently, a friend of mine shabbled that he would probably go to work as a welder - he drank himself to the point that his hands were already trembling finely ... Beautiful seams will turn out by themselves! )))))

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