In this article, the author of the YouTube channel “NightHawkInLight” will tell you how to make a “storm pointer” from a simple glass bottle and an unusual solution.
This device was first invented in the 18th century and was supposed to predict the weather. Based on the behavior of the crystals, an experienced observer could determine the approach of a storm / storm in a few days. The instrument was first documented by Admiral Fitzroy, the commander of the Beagle.
In fact, the formation of crystals is capable of changing only under the influence of temperature, so the predictive abilities of ancient glass vessels are very doubtful. At the same time, such chemical barometers are very spectacular and is an amazing piece of history worth knowing about.
Materials
- Potassium nitrate
- Ammonium Chloride
- Camphor
- Glass bottle
- Vodka, or alcohol and distilled water
- Food foil.
Instruments, used by the author.
- Beaker
- A spoon
- Libra
- Casserole, gas stove.
Manufacturing process.
To prepare the solution, you will need only four ingredients: potassium nitrate (potassium nitrate), ammonium chloride (ammonia), camphor, and vodka as a liquid solvent. The latter is a mixture of ethanol in an amount of 50% by volume. It will be easier to replace with pharmacy alcohol and distilled water.
The first is poured into a pot of vodka in a volume of 900 ml.
Then three packages of camphor are placed in it (about 85 grams in total).
The dry ingredients - potassium nitrate and ammonia, with a total weight of 30 grams - are added to the pot with vodka.
After this, the pan with the composition is heated over a fire until the ingredients are completely dissolved. Cover the pot immediately with a lid so that the alcohol does not evaporate.
Meanwhile, the author finds a 750 ml glass bottle that will serve as the body of the barometer.
After 10 minutes, all the substances completely dissolved, and the author pours the composition through a funnel into a prepared, clean bottle.
Then clogs it with a lid.
The photograph shows that the liquid was divided into several layers. It should be so.
As the bottle cools, a whole view takes place inside it. First, fog rises from the bottom.
After that, snow begins to snow, which then turns into a real snowstorm. So it may seem that what is happening inside the bottle is a reflection of real weather changes. After all, you all know that atmospheric pressure measurement is used to predict weather changes. And the bottle itself is tightly sealed, and its glass walls are not deformed.
If you leave the bottle in an environment where the temperature is unstable, it can often rise or fall, for example, on the street or on the windowsill, then the crystals of the substance will arbitrarily change their structure, showing all kinds of beautiful patterns and shapes.
Usually, the transition of the medium from one state to another occurs very slowly. If there is a desire to speed up this process, it is enough to re-warm the bottle a little in a water bath, covering the neck with a piece of food foil.
First, all crystals will completely dissolve. After the conversion process will begin immediately, as you take the bottle out of the water.
The Storm Pointer is a fascinating sight for adults and children. Do not deprive yourself of this pleasure!
Description of old appliances can be found in this one.
Thanks to the author for a simple but very exciting chemical experience!
All good mood, good luck, and interesting ideas!
Author video can be found here.