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A simple DC generator as a learning tool for children

This article will discuss the creation of a simple DC generator as a training tool. Sometimes situations happen in the life of some people when a parent needs to interest a child in the subject of physics or a teacher in a school not rich in educational equipment explains the topic clearly.

How it will work: the generator will convert the mechanical energy of the hand into electrical energy. All this is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, which I think does not need to be explained.


Materials and Tools
1 Cheap electromagnet for 70 rubles. Purchased on the radio market (you can reel yourself)
2 dvd drive
3 permanent magnet (in my case from the speaker)
4 plastic container for instant noodles (better not used)
5 insulating wire 3 colors
6 adhesive tape
7 cardboard
8 soldering iron (if desired, and skill is possible without it)
9 glue gun
10 soldering acid or rosin
11 solder
12 diodes 4 pcs.
13 capacitor at 400 to 150 uF
14 multimeter
Description of the creation of the device.

After we figured out what kind of device it is and for what purposes we proceed to describe the assembly.

1st step (Diode bridge)

A diode bridge is a bridge circuit for connecting diodes to rectify AC to DC.

Diode bridges are the simplest and most common rectifiers, they are used in radio engineering, electronics, cars and other areas where pulsed DC voltage is required.
We take diodes first tin them and solder them according to this scheme
A simple DC generator as a learning tool for children

Next, we cut off two insulated wires in my case, these are blue and a couple of yellow and green (which could be different cases at your fingertips).

Blue wires are tinned and soldered between diode 4 and 1, 3 and 2.

And green between 4 and 3 diodes is a minus, and yellow between 1 and 2 diodes is a plus.

A few words about how the diode bridge works. If an alternating current is applied to its input, the polarity of which changes with a certain frequency, then at the output (terminals “+” and “-”) we get a current of exactly the same polarity. True, this current will have ripple. Their frequency will be twice as much as the frequency of the alternating current that is supplied to the input.

Thus, if an alternating current of the power supply network (frequency of 70 hertz) is applied to the input of the diode bridge, then at the output we obtain a direct current with ripples of a frequency of 140 hertz. These ripples are undesirable and can greatly interfere with the operation of the electronic circuit.
To remove the ripple you need a filter. The simplest filter is an electrolytic capacitor of a sufficiently large capacity. In my case, this is a capacitor taken from an energy-saving lamp at 400V and 150uF.

To it we solder the green and yellow wire which are soldered to the minus and plus of the diode bridge.
And then we take away from the capacitor even through the yellow and green wire. It should work like this.


2nd step

Now we take an electromagnet and a diode bridge

we attach the electromagnet to the blue wires that come from the diode bridge.

At this point, you need to check for performance. You need to connect a multimeter to the output; if it is not there, you can take an LED or a motor. We take a magnet, put our unfinished generator on the magnet and look at the screen of the multimeter if there is an electric voltage.

Apparently there is, but not much, when the generator is fully assembled it will be much larger.

3rd step (making the case)

To make the case we need a container of instant noodles, dvd disk, scotch tape.

First, we turn the container upside down, but the bottom surface of the container is not even, which will adversely affect the speed of the magnet, thereby reducing the voltage.

But this can be solved by gluing a dvd disk onto tape as in the photo.

Now you need to make a cut on the small edge of the container to the size of the connector to which the multimeter or load will be connected (if there is no connector, make 2 holes, and through them output wires from the "insides" of the generator ") in my case, the connector is like this.


The connector can be sealed on the back side for structural strength.

4th step (Assembly)

Now you need to fix the connector with the "insides" of the generator.

Now you need to isolate the bare spots, that is, the weld spots (insulation can be adhesive tape or heat shrink) and fasten to the walls of the radio component.
[center]

Next, you need to fix exactly in the middle of the container "our coil" on glue or double-sided tape.

We also need cardboard, the dimensions of which should be larger than the container that you use. This cardboard will play the role of the bottom.

That’s all done.



It remains to verify it.


As a study guide for children, just a little stress is most suitable and you can even start a game like who will achieve more stress in 10 seconds.

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49 comments
Guest Eugene
And where does the alternating current come from? Well, a coil, well, a magnet, so what? At least put the destroyer on that coil, it will not give out current, either constant or variable.
Just stumbled upon what impulses the DC motor generates. I wanted to make such an "inverter", but already ahead of it)

there are so many ripples that there are none yahoo

It's like a heart, sometimes beating so fast that the pulse becomes straight ... smiles
Guest Vita
Large can and do, but what to do small. So far, we have to rely only on the CPC of schools and on "home-made".
And here you are wrong, first of all, the repair shops will remain anyway, and there you only need a universal machine tool whose task is to produce piece parts (no one will write a program for one part).

Look at the general trend in the development of technology !! We are moving towards disposable, non-repairable mechanisms. In more complex repairs will be a replacement of components (produced at large factories!))))
P.S. In the Muscovites, we changed crackers in ball bearings ... Then, once, in some machines, I changed the ball bearing entirely ... Then (I remember, even on the Audi 100 of the shaggy-eighties) I changed the whole lever assembly, indignant at the same time that the "stupid" Germans can not make a collapsible ball! (I did it myself then. The diameter of the ball miraculously coincided with the Moskvich with the Audi 100.)))) !!!
The same thing now, for example, with wheel bearings - have you seen the replacement of bearings on modern cars for a long time?))) The hub assembly is changing.
I have long wanted to make a generator on the D-2M (tachometer sensor). You turn the shaft with your fingers and the light bulb (thumbnails.) Lights up. For recharging small batteries on an expedition. But then went ketai magnets (neodymium) on which you can make a simple generator with good efficiency
Guest Vita
The essence of the answer is understandable, but the terminology is alarming. At one time, for the same purpose, he took a relay, a magnet, and looked at the shape of the curve.
You understand everything correctly.
not so much as to include their preparation in the state program

When I worked as a master ("master") in my native vocational school, there were, rather, there was only one group of universal machine tool workers, in which they were already trained both as a turner and a milling machine operator. This is in comparison with the release of the 80th, where after the 8th grade there were three groups of turners and one milling machine operator and one locksmith each. This is what I have for — firstly those who want to get a working specialty have diminished, and secondly no one wants to bear the cost of a high-quality education of a working specialty (you can train a worker for free only on the “residual principle”, and give the minimum set of knowledge necessary and sufficient for this specialty). In general, some do not want to learn, others do not want to learn. It’s sad.
The phase shift depends on the number of sections on the rotor
Well, yes, that’s exactly what I meant, clumsily expressed the thought. If we take one revolution for the time interval of the countdown, then the more sections there are, the more ripples, which means “smoother, more even” the resulting envelope. You claimed:
The voltage has the form ripples, the number of which depends on the number of turns (sections) on the rotor and on the number of collector plates. The more of them, the less ripple
Or am I misunderstanding something again? scratch
Absolutely true. And the shape of the output voltage begins to approach the line.
With an increase in the number of poles, the frequency of the pulsations increases, but their amplitude decreases.
The efficiency will increase, but not much, but the ripple on the capacitor will decrease.
Quote: Korolev
forgot to point out that the phase shift between the pulsations is the smaller, the more ripples.

The phase shift depends on the number of sections on the rotor :) Honestly, in the DC generator there is no such thing as a phase shift. But I understood your idea.
If there are 4 sections on the rotor and 8 lamellas on the collector, then for one full rotation of the rotor we will have 4 pulsations. How many ripples will there be if there are 10 sections on the rotor?
Quote: R555
I just read in the news. The Russian government believes that it is necessary to stop admission to study in the specialties.
Unfortunately, you misunderstood what is written there. ((Do not stop admission to study in these specialties, but stop learning in these specialties for existing programs. The point is that now they are training on obsolete programs.
Here is what the press service of the ministry said:

"The draft order prescribes to stop admission from 2021 on programs that are outdated and do not meet the requirements of the modern labor market, but does not imply an exception to the training of specialists in specific professions, specified in the press service.

"Modern skills and competencies of these professions and specialties in a more relevant format are laid down in training programs for the top 50 promising professions and specialtiesth, previously approved by the Ministry of Labor of Russia and the Ministry of Education of Russia. This is the first step in updating the list of professions and training programs, "the press service added.

Message.
Khatul Madan
(no one will write a program for one detail)
And here You wrong, there are plenty of examples even on this site!
I studied at the school for a turner for three years
IN todays Universities at the bachelor study 4 years!
The operator can be trained in six months
make measurements during technological shutdowns and, if necessary, introduce a correction
Today, the simplest automated control system will cope with this! I agree with you, good universals will always be needed, but not in such quantities as to include their preparation in the state program, especially since the process of "extinction" of mass specialties is a matter of decades. And large enterprises themselves will prepare the specialists necessary for the production, because some of them had their own vocational schools, and even technical schools!
Small enterprises with old machine tools will slowly die out, where dozens, and possibly hundreds of thousands of turners, who will then be 40-50 years old, and they who have received today's IEGE-education (I apologize for the bad manners) education, are simply not suitable for retraining!
And here you are wrong, first of all, the repair shops will remain anyway, and there you only need a universal machine tool whose task is to produce piece parts (no one will write a program for one part). Secondly, to retrain a station wagon to an operator is simply to explain to him which buttons to press and how to enter the size adjustment, he can teach anyone to use a measuring tool (he’ll only be bored with work, it's like transferring from a machine with a mechanic to an automatic machine), believe me, I know from my own experience, before the army, after vocational schools I managed to work on a universal machine and on two (simultaneously) CNC machines, but this is a different story.
But retraining the operator on the station wagon is quite difficult. I studied at the school for a turner for three years, we had special subjects and the main practice, and another year after the school at the factory, a mentor was attached to each of us, who could be contacted with questions. The operator can be trained in six months, he does not need to know the calculation of cutting conditions, the sharpening angles of cutters and drills, and he should not be interested in the material of the workpiece. The programmer will write the program for the part, they (for the program) will calculate the cutting modes (or technologists will calculate for them), the machine will set up the installer, he will grind it (or he can take it already sharpened by specially trained workers) and install the cutting tool. All that remains is to clamp the parts, start the machines, take measurements at technological stops and, if necessary, introduce a correction. In order to retrain such a wagon, he will have to be taught what programmers and adjusters know.
P.S. Then a self-made product flashed from the YouTube channel "Tokarka" (if it does not change the memory about a scraper, called a scan), so, I want to say, a person who has a lathe has never turned a turner, all the more issuing such "pearls" as the statement that the cutting tool is the most versatile (and at the same time demonstrates how to sharpen it).
Nruter
The voltage has the form of ripples
I apologize, but you forgot to indicate that the phase shift between the pulsations is less, the more ripples.And the number of ripples increases, with an increase in the number of turns (sections) on the rotor and the number of collector plates. It seems that the statement
The more of them, the less ripple
wrongly. scratch
Valery
I also read about the education system ...
John Kennedy once said: “We lost space to the Russians at the school desk”
Valery. The function of the diode is to prevent the discharge of the capacitor through the motor windings at the moments when it produces a low EMF, which significantly increases the efficiency of the installation.
Quote: Dmitrij
no generator generates direct current

You're not right.
Quote: Dmitrij
there the amplitude floor, like if you put the diode into a 220V network

You are wrong again.
Read the theory of electric cars. I am not saying that the DC generator produces a constant signal. The voltage has the form of ripples, the number of which depends on the number of turns (sections) on the rotor and on the number of collector plates. The more of them, the less ripple.
Dmitrij
There are not enough managers in the country !!
I saw on television an interview with the director of a Moscow recruiting agency: a good turner, a milling machine for 150 thousand rubles. per month - in the afternoon with fire! Managers for 40 thousand rubles. per month - the turn! smile
Khatul Madan
Now operators of CNC machine tools are more in demand
Your indignation is understandable, but imagine the industry in 20 years! Small enterprises with old machine tools will slowly die out, where dozens, and possibly hundreds of thousands of turners, who will then be 40-50 years old, and they who have received today's IEGE-education (I apologize for the bad manners) education, are simply not suitable for retraining!
We do not need competent and thinking workers
And where will they come from if we do not need competent and thinking schoolchildren? umnik
The result of such a motor is pulsating direct current. Not variable. I'd like to note. Anyway, in order to get a semblance of direct current at the output of such a motor, you need to add the simplest circuit of 1 diode and 1 capacitor.


What is the function of the diode?
We do not need competent and thoughtful workers, now trained monkeys are able to press the Start button

I also read about the education system ... "In the USSR, education was called to educate a" person-creator "! But now, given the level of modern life, society needs not a" creator ", but a" competent user "! This explains why now children are taught not to understand the process, but to know its course and consequences .. Type, to understand the essence - now superfluous!
Like, why would cattle understand something if it’s full? !! (((
And this is my current experimental setup. (On the topic of DC generator). Already at this stage of development has good parameters. Fingers turned the flywheel a couple of times and the load receives power for a long time. The photo shows a glowing red control LED. Of course, by load I mean something more. The details of this future author’s home-made do not yet reveal. I can only say that the engine was taken from imported office equipment, the flywheel from the Russian radio radio. Yes, yes, you heard right. So it was written on the case. I picked her up in the mud next to the flea market. yahoo
Yeah, there’s a half amplitude, like if you put a diode into a 220V network
Gentlemen, your argument reminded me of one hochma: There is a physics lesson, the teacher explains the principle of an alternating current generator, drew a sine wave on the board and said that this form of current flows into houses and apartments, "I see?". The student- "Yes, this is understandable, it is not clear only how this curve fucking (sinusoid) passes through straight wires."
To be precise, a DC motor, for example, such as in children's toys, gives a pulsating current in one direction. The direction of current depends on the direction of rotation of the rotor shaft. The frequency of the current depends on the rotor speed. EMF depends on the frequency, rotor speed. Frequency, EMF, ripple shape depend on the number of rotor windings and, accordingly, the number of collector lamellas. The result of such a motor is a pulsating direct current. Not variable. I'd like to note. Anyway, in order to get the similarity of direct current at the output of such a motor, you need to add the simplest circuit of 1 diode and 1 capacitor.
A DC motor generates alternating current, because the collector is not monolithic. And magnetic fields are not monolithic. And no generator generates direct current, since an alternating magnetic field is used to generate current.
Zemlihanov Zemlihanov
DC generator IMMEDIATELY produces direct current. There is no need to equip it with a rectifier. A simple example of such a generator is a motor from children's toys. Outside there are 2 permanent magnets; inside, a rotor with a winding rotates. Constant voltage is removed from the brushes.
If we are to teach children the basics of electrical engineering, then I would suggest this way: whoever spins harder and develops greater tension is the winner.
And so the article describes a conventional transformer.
When I was in the 6th grade (not in 8 or 9), then in a physics lesson we were told how electromagnetic induction was discovered. For the purity of the experiment, the coil was located in one room, and the measuring device in another. The researcher inserted a magnet into a coil in one room and went to see the result in another. Of course, zero. And somehow he again conducted experiments, and his assistant at that time was cleaning the laboratory and moving the magnet. The device showed voltage.
But not at all, as described in the article - I put the magnet on the box with nothing (Israeli instant noodles) and wait for the result.
Yes, I have for a long time, except the mat, no words. About five years ago, a clever man from the Ministry of Education spoke on TV, I do not remember verbatim, but the bottom line is: "We do not need universal machine tools, now operators of CNC machine tools are more in demand." That is, paraphrasing in my own way and drawing on my long-standing experience as a universal turner and subsequently an operator, I translate it into a more understandable language: “We do not need competent and thinking workers, now trained monkeys are able to press the Start button, who can use measuring tool and, if necessary, introduce size adjustment "(program development, technology and modes, setting up the machine are performed by other people).
Technical circles and stations of young technicians seem to have been "ordered to live long" as soon as they were transferred to self-sufficiency and stopped funding. And after all, it was there that the professional training of future engineers began (now, by the way, they are no longer graduating, now they are bachelors and specialists). Demagoguery can still be bred a lot, but there is only one conclusion: education is systematically "killed to death", "Dulles Plan" in action.
There are not enough managers in the country !!
R555
it is necessary to stop admission to study in the specialties.
The right decision! Have you seen our people on Mondays in the morning? And after three days off they won’t be able to go to work at all! Do not worry, abroad will help us! May the Russian land not be impoverished by the Rafshans and the Jamshuts! xaxa
Khatul Madan. I just read in the news. The Russian government believes that it is necessary to stop admission to study in the specialties. The list includes nine professions and 23 specialties: auto mechanic, universal turner, machine tool operator, optical mechanic, master of finishing construction work, locksmith, universal milling machine. I am outraged. And you ? ireful
Dmitrij. I just read in the news.The Russian government believes that it is necessary to stop admission to study in the specialties. The list includes nine professions and 23 specialties: auto mechanic, universal turner, machine tool operator, optical mechanic, master of finishing construction work, locksmith, universal milling machine. I am outraged. and you ? ireful
Guest Vita
The fool will not guess, but the smart one knows that there are other approaches to get the result.
eh, I wish I had a permanent variable magnet ... eh ...


I will tell you a parable, about rams and a shepherd ...
The electrons are rams, and the magnetic field is a shepherd with a stick, so while the shepherd waves a stick and runs after the rams, the rams run ... Well, then these rams climb into your iPhone or where else is needed So then xaxa
Guest Vyacheslav
Take two wires as a DC generator
A constant current generator is an electric machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy of direct current. The principle of operation of the generator is based on the law of electromagnetic induction - the induction of electromotive force in a rectangular circuit (wire frame) located in a uniform rotating magnetic field.
And your advice
put it in your mouth or in the ass, and don't write nonsense anymore
yes
Guest Vyacheslav
As a DC generator, take two wires, aluminum and copper, connect them to the multimeter on one side, and shove the other, folded in half, at least in your mouth, at least in the back, and you will see how the device shows the voltage. Here you have a DC generator, and do not write nonsense anymore.
Author
I’ll take into account thanks for the advice, at first I wanted to give an example of a 70Hz power supply network, and then I thought who would decide to check the diode bridge for alternating voltage from the socket, and what could happen next should not be explained, and I refused this and decided to give a random number, but in my absent-mindedness I forgot to redo the sentence.
Hooked the name, generator alternating current, the current becomes constant after rectification and smoothing! scratch
Author
Yes, it’s not movable, but at that moment when I presented the “generator” to the magnet before putting it, but just at that moment the magnetic field induced the coil of the coil behind and then it passes through the diode bridge into the capacitor. The essence of these actions was that if someone did not want to repeat this homemade product and, in its absent-mindedness, accidentally solders not as it should, and in the end it collects a non-working homemade product as a result, it will receive bad emotions. And I measured the voltage of the capacitor if the diode bridge were not soldered
correctly, there would be no electrical voltage in the capacitor. I myself am an absent-minded person and because of this in my first article there are a lot of shortcomings of errors and disagreements.
I hope you understand me correctly.
What country is the frequency of 70 Hz in the network? 50, 60 we know. 70 - the first time I hear! And this is not a typo. The author writes that after the bridge he has 140 Hz - a doubling of the frequency. *** And further. The author needs to learn how to express his thoughts correctly, especially when you are doing a textbook for children. In two places in the article, I noticed that the student may get the impression that the circuit supposedly generates energy when the magnet is stationary relative to the coil.
Kolokolnikov Mikhail
How can a fool guess about it if: “We take a magnet, put our unfinished generator onto a magnet and look at the screen of the multimeter if there is an electric voltage ... Apparently there is, but not enough” (quote) Let it be not enough, but there is! The system is generally motionless ... This is the most ideal DC VOLTAGE GENERATOR !!! Tesla smokes.
Author
Thanks for the comment, I myself did not even notice.
The article was written at night. I wanted to give an example, but it turned out like this.
Author
Electromagnetic induction and the principle of operation of a transformer are studied in a regular school in grades 9-8, this is the case, but about the fact that the voltage will be only when the magnet moves relative to the coil of the electromagnet, even a fool will guess about it.
Simple as that!
And where in the article is it said that there will be voltage if and only if the magnet moves relative to the coil of the electromagnet?
The author urgently in the 6th grade to a physics lesson. Until you learn everything about electromagnetic induction and the principle of operation of a transformer, do not try to write "smart things"
if at the input of the diode bridge to apply alternating current power supply (frequency 70 hertz)
What country is such a standard in? Further reading does not make sense.

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