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PWM controller for $ 1.5

PWM controller for $ 1.5

The PWM controller is designed to control the speed of rotation of the polar motor, the brightness of the light bulb or the power of the heating element.

Benefits:
1 ease of manufacture
2 Availability of components (cost does not exceed $ 2)
3 Widespread use
4 For beginners, once again practice and please yourself =)

Once I needed a "device" to adjust the speed of rotation of the cooler. Why exactly I don’t remember. From the beginning I tried through a normal variable resistor, it was very hot and this was not acceptable for me. As a result, digging around on the Internet I found a circuit on the already familiar NE555 chip. This was a scheme of a conventional PWM controller with a duty cycle (duration) of pulses equal to or less than 50% (I will give graphs of how this works later). The circuit turned out to be very simple and did not require adjustment, the main thing was not to mess with the connection of diodes and a transistor. The first time he assembled it on a breadboard and tested it, it worked for half a turn. Later I already parted a small circuit board and everything looked neater =) Well now, let's take a look at the circuit itself!



PWM controller circuit

From it we see that this is a normal generator with a duty cycle controller assembled according to the scheme from a datasheet. And we change this duty cycle by the resistor R1, the resistor R2 serves as protection against short circuit, since the 4 pin of the microcircuit is connected to the ground through the internal key of the timer and when it is in the extreme position R1, it simply closes. R3 is a pull-up resistor. C2 is a frequency-setting capacitor. The IRFZ44N is a N channel mosfet. D3 is a protective diode that prevents the failure of the field during breakage of the load. Now a little about the duty cycle of pulses. The impulse rate is the ratio of its repetition period (repetition) to the duration of the impulse, that is, after a certain period of time, there will be a transition from (roughly speaking) plus to minus, or rather from a logical unit to logical zero. So this time interval between pulses is the same duty cycle.




Duty ratio at middle position R1





Duty ratio at leftmost position R1





Duty ratio at extreme right position R


Below is a printed circuit board with the location of parts and without them






Now a little about the details and their appearance.The chip itself is made in a DIP-8 package, small-sized ceramic capacitors, resistors of 0.125-0.25 watts. Regular rectifying diodes at 1A (the most affordable is 1N4007 in bulk everywhere). Also, the chip can be installed on the socket if in the future you want to use it in other projects and do not solder it again. Below are the photos of the details.







P.S: Capacitor rating can vary from 2.2 nanofarads to 4.7 nanofarads. The resistance of the resistor R4 is from 47-180 ohms.
P.P.S: I used this PWM controller to control: engine speed, bulb brightness and temperature of the heating element.

I wish you all creative success. Thank you for your attention!
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27 comments
Roman Viktorovich Alekseev
please give the circuit board file.
Guest Nikolay
Gheorghe gavrilita
Thanks for the circuit. Works. Only capacitors are similar to 10 and 22 nF. and in the photo you have 103
Many thanks to the author of the article. Just performed. It remains to try the adjustment until the motor stops almost completely.
Hello! Is it possible for me to print a file on roksivan (at) gmail.com
Thanks.
Check the resistance of the resistor R3, you may need to increase it.
When powered by 5V, everything works well. When I supply 12V, always 100%. Power is not adjustable. Timer checked, IRF too, everything works. What could be the reason?
It struck T1.
I got such a problem, assembled the circuit, but forgot to solder the D3 diode, gave a voltage of 12 volts, the fan spun, but the speed is not regulated at all. Later, having caught my jamb, I soldered the D3 diode? But again, the speed is not regulated. What could be screwed up?
I’ve connected it to 24v. Instead of IRF44n, I think I’ll connect something like IRF1405 so that the radiator is not so massive with a margin:
http://www.datasheet.hk/view_download.php?id=1014354&file=0001%5Cirf1405_5751.p
df
how would it be even better to make a soft start from 0% to the level set by R1?
Correcting. The speed control is a resistor R2.
I suggest that 555 should be connected to 24v in one of the following ways:
http://www.555-timer-circuits.com/555-on-24v.html
D3 is a protective diode that prevents the failure of the field during breakage of the load.
When the load breaks, the transistor is not in danger. A diode is needed to protect the field operator at the time of its closure.
Can I have a signet? This PWM is suitable for controlling the fan of the car interior heating heater up to 15A.
throw me a sign too
Author
Quote: svs
Is it possible to get the circuit board in electronic form?

Of course, discard your mail I will send you a PCB file in lay format!
svs
Is it possible to get the circuit board in electronic form?

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