This sensor emits infrared radiation and receives it. Using a variable resistor (in the blue photo), you can change the sensitivity, and change the response distance. It is very simple to operate - two power outputs (plus VCC and minus GND) and an OUT signal output that indicates the appearance of an object in the sensor's range. The sensor is assembled on an LM393 chip (comparator) with relatively low power consumption. The supply voltage is from 3.3 to 5 V. When measuring consumption, I got about 120 mA of which 90% uses an IR LED, but nevertheless for experiments this is quite normal. The width of the sensitivity zone is about 35 degrees. The dimensions of the sensor are 43 x 16 x 7 mm.
Cost: ~ 20