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Automatic circuit breaker

Electronics
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One late autumn evening, I broke into the country (tired of my wife, probably). He turned on the switch and the light in the living room - a bright flash, and all the lamps (ordinary incandescent) burned out. I went to look for a multimeter. Bah, I have 285 V in my network! And if "0" were burned out at the substation, all 380 V would be mine! What would happen if I didn’t turn off the switch and leave the refrigerator or TV plugged in? In the best case, they would have burned down. And so a fire could occur due to a short circuit. So he sat all evening by candlelight and ate canned food warmed up on a Bumblebee (yes, I still have such a device). The problem somehow needs to be solved.

I arrived in the city the next day. I knew that there were devices that cut down the network with increasing voltage. I did not like them at the cost of up to 6,000 rubles. (the price depends on what current they are designed for). In addition, the relay is their executing element - my electronics in the country, while they will turn off the energy.

And if you make yourself such a device based on a high-current triac? I rummaged through the net and found a suitable scheme. I did not like only that the KU208G triac was used as a key. They are very capricious in work, and in terms of power they do not suit me. I decided to replace it with BT 139-800E.127 (it is inexpensive and reliable). At the same time, you need to change the control transistor to ST13003 (which is more suitable for the parameters) and the zener diode to 1N5349BRLG. The resistance power R1 must be increased to 5 W, and the diode VD2 should be changed to 1N5408. Then you can squeeze about 10 kW, which is what I need.

The key element is the triac VS1, the control electrode of which transistor VT1 is supplied with a negative voltage. Resistor R5 is used to limit the current. The reference and control voltages are removed from the parametric stabilizer VD1-R1-C1. In a chain with it is a diode VD2, which supplies the control voltage, which varies depending on the voltage in the network.

When the voltage in the network (and, accordingly, on the resistive divider R3-R4-C2) reduces the emitter current of the transistor to zero, the triac closes. Positive feedback, built on the R7-VD3 chain, provides reliable switching of the transistor. The current through feedback is summed with the current at resistor R3, increasing the voltage at the divider R3-R4-C2. This reliably turns off the transistor and, of course, the triac.

The value of the resistor R3 determines the trip voltage.The value of resistor R7 is the spread between on and off.
To indicate the operating mode at the input and at the output, I decided to put two LED chains. The output chain will also load the triac at idle (then R6 can be excluded).

What is necessary:
1. Soldering iron.
2. A set of electronic components + printed circuit board.
3. The radiator for the triac.
4. Housing for the product.
5. LATR to configure the circuit.
6. Screwdriver, tweezers, scalpel, side cutters.
7. The drill.
8. Multimeter.

Missing (5-watt resistor R1 and triac VS1) I bought in the store "Chip and Dip" for 50 rubles. The remaining parts were in stock. To cool the triac used heatsink HS 304-50. Its area is more than enough. Yes, I bought it in Castorama for 57 rubles. mounting box for the case of the future device.


I drew a printed circuit board in the program Sprint-Layout 6.0.

He printed on an inkjet printer on plain paper mirror, then glued to a piece of fiberglass, suitable sizes. Previously fiberglass was treated with fine sandpaper with detergent Seth. With a Ø1.0 mm drill, I drilled holes for parts and technological holes and washed paper off with warm water.

He drew a printed circuit board with a special marker. Then he placed the board in a solution of ferric chloride for half an hour.

Chloric iron is hardly washed off from the hands, so I made a kind of pen from masking tape. Acetone washed off the paint. I drilled the technological holes to the required diameter and soldered the board conductors with a soldering iron. I finished with the board.



The extreme parts of the grounding bar, where there are perpendicular threaded holes for mounting, came up as contactors. I sawed two corners to fix the board to the radiator. The radiator did not fit literally 2 mm into the case. With a drill I cut from two sides on the shelf. With an area of ​​230 square meters / mm, this is not critical.



I removed tides from the bottom of the mounting box with a drill that only interfered.

I fixed the board to the radiator at two corners, and I calculated so that the indicator LEDs could exit through the cover. The triac was mounted on a radiator through paste KPT-8. The base 2 of the triac is connected to the cooling pad, so the contact of the radiator with the input / output contactors is fraught with a short circuit, as well as with the conductors on the board.

Then soldered the remaining parts. Instead of a 20 μF × 25 V capacitor (I just didn’t have it), I put two 10 μF × 50 V in parallel. I soldered the indicator chains so that the LEDs slightly exited through the pre-drilled holes in the cover.

R3 set the average value of the protection threshold. I connected the LATR and the multimeter and made a more fine-tuning. R5 replaced with 10 ohms for the stability of the triac.

I did not have a 28k by 2W R resistor for the output chain with a red LED. I put two in parallel at 56k per 1 watts. The input circuit with a green LED does not affect the operation of the circuit, therefore it is not shown in the circuit.

At a voltage of 180–250 V, both LEDs light up. When the voltage rises to 255 V, the triac turns off the phase (only one green LED is lit). The triac again applies the phase to the load when the voltage drops to a level of approximately 235-240 V.


Dimensions of the structure are 60 x 90 x 90 mm. All openings in the mounting box have been specially opened to improve circuit cooling. Spent on the device a little more than 100 rubles, but several days of work. I think it's worth it!
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207 comments
0
Reply To quote A complaint
I join Korolev and congratulations to all who have a connection with the past holiday, Day of Energy!

Because yesterday I wanted to congratulate my neighbor (he is an energy engineer, the boss of something, someone there). But he did not get through, did not reach.Strange, he's 12 years old, how to quit drinking !!!!! xaxa drinks
+3
Reply To quote A complaint
We spent a week on the topic, and yesterday was the day of the power engineer! With the past! drinks
+1
Reply To quote A complaint
Quote: Korolev
Ivan_Pokhmelev
The accident did not spread to other entrances and houses due to paronite gaskets between pipe flanges and gate valves.
And tightening bolts? scratch

There the contact area is much smaller, especially if the bolts with nuts are rusty. Therefore, the resistance is greater. It is clear that there is no complete isolation, but the leakage along this circuit will be significantly less.
0
Reply To quote A complaint
And maybe because we have them - locally produced. It is also possible that in each region they used what is being done nearby ...
As an example, in our city there is a large enterprise for the production of panels and the construction of houses from them. ("Brestzhilstroy") As a result, in both Brest itself and in the surrounding towns, most of the houses are just panels!)))). Now the panels are already everywhere "not in high esteem", and our plant operates in three shifts! Build and build. Moreover, a new German line was launched - non-welding technology with composite fittings.
And all the door-windows in these houses are Belarusian-made only.
By the way, like everything with us, I still thought that cast iron is the worst thing that could be ...))) It turns out that he was wrong.
0
Reply To quote A complaint
2Dem
Anyone responsible for this
He worked in one office, among other things, they supplied (with a special license) for another, very serious office (not three letters, but a defense) computers. I drove to Moscow a kit, where a special laboratory (at a three-letter office) conducted an examination, glued holographic stickers even inside mice and power supplies! yes boss
+1
Reply To quote A complaint
Quote: Korolev
But who will let him go there?

Anyone responsible for this. Such systems are usually mounted in a separate technical room, and in this case also on a separate perimeter, where even foreign specialists have access by agreement and accompanied by a responsible person.
0
Reply To quote A complaint
2Dem
any specialist from abroad ... in the building of one serious state structure of three letters
But who will let him go there? boss
+1
Reply To quote A complaint
Ivan_Pokhmelev
The accident did not spread to other entrances and houses due to paronite gaskets between pipe flanges and gate valves.
And tightening bolts? scratch
0
Reply To quote A complaint
The most interesting thing was that when they lived in Khrushchev, there were cast-iron batteries. And we got a brand new 4-room apartment in 1975, there already appeared such ones. However, the first year of winter heat was terrible. A window is not provided. And the balconies are not glazed. But they were happy anyway, although the school is in the neighboring micro district, the kindergarten is also there, and the nearest 1 store is within walking distance, as it’s fashionable to say now - 700 meters))) xaxa And in new homes, a clear penis, good batteries. And the wiring is copper, not aluminum and the third (ground) contact in the outlets. The price is also good.
0
Reply To quote A complaint
Well, I’ve just talked about such people ... I have never seen this horror in residential premises.))))
+3
Reply To quote A complaint
These batteries, I suppose, are in the majority of those houses.

He noted the places where the plumber beat with the key. I have paint, but have not yet decided whether to paint or replace the batteries with modern ones. A neighbor is also in thought. If I decide to change, then obviously not in the winter.
+2
Reply To quote A complaint
On the Voronezh houses.
1. It was not 6/10 kV that broke through, and there the relay protection relay for the leak should have worked, and the currents are less, and the voltage is more. So, it struck on the side of 0.4 kV on the group line for several houses, while there should have been a big phase imbalance.
2. Now there is no time for estimating the current, but how to make this idea is clear: to calculate the effective cross-sectional area of ​​pipes and batteries, based on the temperature of the battery leaving the standing paintwork, determine the temperature thereof.Everything is extremely approximate.
3. According to the temperature, cross-section and the number of risers to the entrance (16 in the usual nine-story building), calculate the current. This can be done very approximately, since everything was obviously heated very unevenly due to the presence of resistance on the couplings and threaded joints of the batteries.
4. The accident did not spread to other entrances and houses due to paronite gaskets between pipe and gate flanges.

There is no time to write further and in more detail. ;)
0
Reply To quote A complaint
Valery , a little time has appeared, I will soon show a picture of the battery with marks from the key strokes, at the same time and see what kind of batteries it is. And then for you they are a curiosity, as I understand it. One only Ivan_Pokhmelev identified in absentia. Immediately obvious, our man! yes
+1
Reply To quote A complaint
You haven’t seen anything like it, because in Soviet times all the best was for the “children”, that is, for the Union republics, and in Russia all that was left for us was the cheapest and most primitive. I live in a nine-story building of the early 80’s, we have just such batteries "- from plates welded to the pipe.
0
Reply To quote A complaint
In my apartment, for example, and in the apartment where I used to live, batteries, I don’t even know what they are called, plates worn on the pipe. And this is found in most houses built with us in the 70s

I have never met this squalor in residential buildings! More precisely, I met, but only on the stairwells! Well, in the shops, some stores (USSR) were. But to the apartments? !!! In "state cottages" (low-rise building) often met panel tins. And in high-rise buildings - only cast iron! As in the "Khrushchev" began to put it, and still.)))). In the eighties, however, it was placed only in brick houses. In the panels then there was a fascination with registers hidden in the walls.))) But then in the panels they began to do the mounted on cast iron!))) Now the panels are also being built a lot. Budget housing. Basically, under social support programs (for preferential loans "in turn, needy", free apartments for large families, etc.)). In them is cast iron. And in frame-brick, which are already sold as "golden cooperatives" - bimetal hang. But I did not meet steel in "public utility construction" even then, and now I do not see it.
P.S. I have an apartment in a panel house, which was under construction in 2007. Cast iron! ))). Only, of course, it’s not the same as before ... The ribs are more densely arranged, the whole battery is more "square", there are no roundnesses ... But cast iron.
+4
Reply To quote A complaint
He offered to drink vodka, but he said that he did not drink. I then began to offer him money, but he refused.
It was not a plumber !!!.)))). And, considering that it was pierced on such obvious - the foreign resident !!! (You used to work on three funny letters !!!!)
In the evening, he had already reported to the authorities about the progress of the operation, received instruction and tried to correct the situation!
The implementation operation was prepared in advance and carefully! They turned off the coolant supply, and, to ensure the legend, they turned it on only when the agent tapped off with an agreed tap on the battery !!!
0
Reply To quote A complaint
Valery, I'm a little busy right now, while I talk about batteries. Why do you think the batteries seem to be cast iron? In my apartment, for example, and in the apartment where I used to live, batteries, I don’t even know what they are called, plates worn on the pipe. And this is found in most houses built with us in the 70s. Surely the same in that ill-fated house. Heat transfer from them is scanty. I wanted to replace with good ones when I settled in, but then changed my mind. They drown in our house perfectly, there is no need to change the batteries.

True, last winter, in the kitchen, the battery stopped warming. But we have a housing office right in the house. I went there, found a plumber, called to my place. He quickly determined that the pipe was blocked. As I gave it 3 times with a wrench on the battery, all the husks crumbled. Of course, I myself could have done it myself, but I didn’t, I figured it would suddenly blow, and I would be to blame. Therefore, I entrusted this business to a professional.He thanked the locksmith, offered to drink vodka, and he said that he did not drink. I then began to offer him money, but he refused. Strange, I thought. But on the same day I went into the housing office, in the closet, where the locksmiths were going. And he is drunk sitting with his companions. I gave him 500 r, this time he did not refuse, sent a partner to the store for an extra bubble. xaxa And he said to me, “contact, if that, we will solve any issue” drinks
0
Reply To quote A complaint
And then, whatever one may say, but a significant part of the equipment used in our country is imported. And here we see a wonderful example of the slovenliness of our "verbiage bodies", instead of making changes in accordance with modern reality, they simply do nothing, and any specialist from abroad who came to serve at least the same climate system I mentioned earlier will remove it in figs with a guarantee, since he can read and it says "N - WHITE" for him, but he sees it blue and it doesn’t matter if the wire is of this color or marking, in any case, it’s millions (and I still don’t know if it’s rubles ) loses warranty.
As for what I don’t own, then you are mistaken, before we “twist”, we first have a project department, then lawyers who assess compliance with the regulatory framework and possible risks, moreover, we’d give a damn at least one object, ourselves testers say that the "blue N" should and will be changed to white, only when it is swinging is not known. The only case when we make zero in blue as in the Stone Age is when imported equipment is not used at all, in this case we must fully follow the domestic regulatory framework. But as soon as imported equipment appears, the international regulatory documents take precedence and we do good when we do not need to turn any color into blue, since each cable for wiring zero according to standards has a white wire, but there are problems with blue.
+2
Reply To quote A complaint
So I’m talking about something else ... Damn with him, with the device of the "newly appeared air heater" !!!. Suppose there was a vertical wiring, and the batteries were in series ... Suppose that a wire was shorted to the supply, and the return line lay in the ground, wrapped with glass wool soaked in water .... But in this case, firstly, imagine WHAT should be current to glow batteries ??? Yes, in this house, not a single living would have remained.
Secondly, while cast-iron massive batteries would be heated ... in short, pipes should be burned off earlier !!! And, actually, bypasses (jumpers) of the same pipes are almost in front of the batteries. Together with the battery, the resistance will turn out to be "orders of magnitude" less than that of pipes! .. So, here is the case when "the wires glow brighter than the heater"
(Once again, I repeat, this is if we omit the unreality of the current value!)
..Here, if you follow Müller from "The Big Difference" and his phrase "Stirlitz! Okay! God be with her, with the truth! Give me, at least, somehow, I would not be ashamed to believe in sho!", Then the only thing that comes to mind ...
The spouse somehow inexplicably fell on ... water! Heating pipes, as I said, go to the ground ... That is, they are well enough grounded! Therefore, the "layer between the coolant and the pipes was heated - calcareous deposits saturated with this very water and rust! Add to this" the effect of the boiler from the Sputnik blades - and we will get ... Let it be far-fetched, but at least some that explanation ....
P.S. "Stirlitz, shah !!! This version is better than a story about how you strangled a crocodile with your bare hands, and take some urka, and even put a suitcase from it, without erasing your prints!" (C) "A big difference "
+2
Reply To quote A complaint
Organize a "managed KZ"!
good There is at least a logical justification for this, the prevention of breaks with the subsequent costs of liquidation, and this also indicates the ingenuity of power engineers. Like in a joke:
- My neighbor is so lazy that he doesn’t wash the dishes, he puts the plate in a plastic bag.
- Yes, he is just a genius!
+2
Reply To quote A complaint
Khatul Madan
And why should heating pipes also be heated with electric heating?
Do you know how power engineers are fighting ice on OL wires? Organize a "managed KZ"! yes
+3
Reply To quote A complaint
This catavasia with electric heating pipes is possible
What for heating pipes also warm up electric heating? Although, of course, everything is possible with the current level of education of our leadership (victims of the USE). This is from the category: "The commander said, ferret, and no gophers," "We will build the bridge along the river" and "Start to screw the nuts, and the bolts will be brought back later."
0
Reply To quote A complaint
Ivan_Pokhmelev
Judging by the description, the short circuit was between the pipe and the cable somewhere in a trench or channel
I will not say categorically, but I think that they should have worked out machines or fuses on the supply side. Often I observed a situation when fuse inserts on the high side were knocked out in the KTP due to condensation in the transformer oil.
+1
Reply To quote A complaint
This catastrophe with electric heating of heating pipes is immediately possible, as they put partially plastic pipes ...
0
Reply To quote A complaint
My reasoning (right or wrong) is as follows. Steel in its electrical conductivity is significantly inferior to aluminum and, especially, copper. But the diameter of the heating pipes in the house, their wall thickness is not small. And those pipes that are laid underground, trunk or whatever, there are even more. To heat such a pipe, you need to pass a huge current through it. This is the first. The second one. To create such a current, one end of the pipe must be well grounded. In principle, this could possibly have happened during the execution of the work. Someone welded a pipe and a grounded structure. The third. Need a powerful current source. It is clear that the tenant, "stealing" electricity, could not create such a current. He would immediately have knocked out machines. Or the wiring would burn out. But if you shorted the power cable to the pipes, this version was announced Ivan_Pokhmelev then such a current could go. Why didn’t the protection work? Theoretically, it should have worked, but practically it doesn’t always work. There are many such cases. Personally, I once saw a LEP-110 wire break and fall to the ground, probably (by the number of insulators). Energized. It was an impressive sight. And the defense didn’t work. Sparked for about 15 minutes, until they got through and cut off this line at the substation. And one moron wanted to shoot a video to put it on YouTube and began to approach the wire. xaxa He did not know about the step voltage, although he had a higher education. Well, at least I know, stopped the fool.
Another interesting point. Was there hot water in the pipes at that time? In those days they had to turn on the heating. On the one hand, hot water was supposed to accelerate the heating of pipes by current. On the other hand, it is known that water has a high heat capacity and when it moved through pipes, it had to remove part of the heat.

A complicated story ... It would be interesting to know what happened, because of what happened. I set out my thoughts. It would be interesting to know who thinks what about this case.

I’ll try to find and show the link.
0
Reply To quote A complaint
Here you go, pogranec confirms that he heard about this glaring incident in the news. I should keep a link to this "news", I sent to friends. If I find, I will show, I think many will be interested in reading. They also said that again Voronezh "became famous." And at the beginning, reports about this unfortunate house said that before that a lake from sewage had formed in the basement. So I thought, maybe this is somehow connected with what happened next with electricity.

At first I thought it was a mistake or a joke. But this did not happen on the first of April and there was no refutation. I said that I specially monitored this topic, this house is not far from mine, looked on the map, and so I passed by it many times and drove by. I also thought that in other houses they would start walking, checking. We have the same. When something happens, then they begin to check. And before that - everything is quiet and calm. So, the reason was not voiced, they simply said that the residents were able to return to their apartments.

Now about the technical side of this egregious case. As far as I know, heating batteries are not specifically grounded, but somewhere they may have contact with grounded structures (this happened during installation). But, in any case, they come in contact with concrete floors and concrete or brick walls, which are not very good, but conduct current. But I know for sure that heating pipes can have almost 100% contact with similar pipes of other houses (is this the reason for what happened? Maybe the voltage on the pipe didn’t come in the house, but in the trench, as suggested Ivan_Pokhmelev ?). I know about such contact between houses from experience. When I was at school, a friend and I made an intercom. Between our houses there was a distance of 150 meters, or even more. One wire of the line was thrown by air over non-insulated lighting wires between lampposts (well, what to take from schoolchildren xaxa ), and the second wire was the heating pipes. As subscriber devices we used tape recorders "Mayak" and "Astra", 2 dynamic microphones and 2 speakers. And they got a loud-speaking two-way communication. That is, the heating pipes of the two houses had good contact with each other.
I will continue the story soon ...
0
Reply To quote A complaint
Judging by the description, the short circuit was between the pipe and the cable somewhere in a trench or channel. Therefore, turning off the house did not help, and the current was fucked up.
+1
Reply To quote A complaint
In one of the many apartment buildings, not far from the house where I live, central heating batteries began to heat up.
Yes, this was reported in the news. The last thing I remember is that the house was de-energized, but the heating still pierced. Further, either I missed or did not speak. So what was the reason?
0
Reply To quote A complaint
R555
central heating batteries began to heat up
What should be the amount of current to heat the heating system at home? I will not ask about the ratings of the input protection systems and cable cross-sections. nea
0
Reply To quote A complaint
Previously, he was mainly engaged in final electrical installations (devices). And all the wires (signal and power) were marked with tags with a number. And on the electric circuit, there were numbers of connectors and numbers of wires. On color, no one was particularly sharp. There was no big choice. And the wires (and the rest) were ordered by the supply (dumb). And if you order it yourself, it will come in 2 years.
But then I ran into wiring in a car. There used to be few consumers in the car ... but, according to the scheme, a LOT of wires turned out. And all in color. Motorists distinguish wires by COLOR.
From there I took and used
+ power - Red wire
- power, "Mass" - Black wire
etc.
And in the type of ball screw with 2 wires (white), the ends were tinted with a felt-tip pen (or paint) + pit. - Red, Phase - box. Zero - Blue
+2
Reply To quote A complaint
I still don’t understand why the batteries were hot ???? I’m not talking about “where it happened” ... I’m talking about “how could they repent of the connected (where?) Voltage ????
+1
Reply To quote A complaint
Quote: 2Dem
So we now have only the reluctance or laziness of the "bodies" to bring regulatory documents to modern standards.
Well no...((
In your case, we have only the unwillingness and laziness of the contractors to comply with the requirements of the main electrical document, the contents of which they are familiar only superficially! ((
+2
Reply To quote A complaint
Quote: R555
This is not you argued, but Nruter.
And why then turn to others:
Quote: R555
And now, Nruter, Korolev, Ivan_Pokhmelev, read what 2Dem wrote to us about the insulation colors of the phase and neutral wires. And you will understand that I am right, and you, unfortunately, are not, when you say that the phase is, of course, a white wire.

Quote: R555
Reread what he wrote. That the blue wire is always zero. Therefore, white is always a phase.
Never the right conclusion. Phase may be any colors other than blue and green-yellow.
Quote: R555
If the house was built 20-25 years ago, then you can see that the installation of the panels is made with a wire of the same color (white).And no one with their PUE does not climb and does not force to remount. Counters and machines are forced to change, yes.
Show me in the PUE the requirement to remount in such cases. )) Not that color, even aluminum does not need to be replaced, even during repair.
Quote: R555
What about 2Dem I will say so. He loves to attack, criticize. He attacked me too, we had graters with him, some more! But I came to the conclusion that he fumbles in several areas, so I thoughtfully read what he writes. I take from there valuable, I do not take unnecessary. Filtering, so to speak ...
Of course, he is quite knowledgeable and experienced, but you need to filter his statements better.
Quote: R555
And PUE, in your opinion, what did the Gods compose? People like us. Not everything is smooth and changing there. Cook slippers and rotten eggs so that there is something to rush at me. Sha I will start to ask questions that are not answered in your favorite PUE. Referring, as you are used to, will be nothing. xaxa
Moreover, the PUE is in a state of adjustment. There are unclear places and inconsistencies between the old and new parts.
But this does not cancel responsibilities execute it!
0
Reply To quote A complaint
To "warm up" I’ll tell one story that characterizes the level of modern power engineers, electricians, plumbers, communal services workers and other persons of respected professions. In this case, we will focus on the professional level of "specialists" in the field of power supply. If someone sees himself as a defendant in this or a similar story (and they happen in a day), please do not be offended.

This fall, an incident occurred in our city. In one of the many apartment buildings, not far from the house where I live, central heating batteries began to heat up. Just had to turn on the heating, so people did not pay attention to it. And they turned it when the batteries started to shock! One of the residents called where they should. The power engineer, electricians, ZhEK engineer quickly arrived. They made measurements and, with a smart and preoccupied look, said that it was one of the residents who was stealing electricity. And he grounded his thieves installation on the battery. Of course, what other versions can graduates have? They perfectly know GOST, PUE and other documents. They even know Ohm's law! Well, they went to check-measure by floors, risers and apartments. Nothing can understand morons! fool xaxa And the batteries are getting hotter more and more (I monitored the situation on the news on the Internet) ... Already the paint began to fade on them ... Then in a dumb head the power engineer came up with an extremely brilliant idea. Turn off power to the house completely! But the reason for the phase getting on the heating batteries must be found somehow! They began to cut risers and pipes in the apartments. good I wanted to jump to them, help the idiots understand, but who will listen to me, I don’t know the PUE Nruter ! xaxa

By this moment, the Ministry of Emergencies and other serious guys arrived. They began to open apartments where they did not open the door for kicking (or whatever they still beat there, the calls, for the most part, did not work without electricity). A corpse of a man was found in one of the apartments. It smelled of crime. They decided to evacuate the residents (the batteries continued to heat up !!!). About 200 residents settled in the arrived buses.

About a day they could not establish the reason hit mains voltage on radiators !!! Real professionals! What else can I say cray

The reason was not reported, in any case, I did not hear and did not see in the media. But one journalist wrote such a headline for this news. "Utilities supplied current instead of heat to batteries" goodgood xaxa

P. S. The man whose corpse was found in the apartment of this house died for "natural" reasons, they wrote. Just a coincidence.
0
Reply To quote A complaint
Valery
Although, I (mind) is not afraid! But I can’t relax. Like a conditioned reflex of some kind!
Bull's-eye! I didn’t be afraid, but after another electric shock, a nervous jerk strikes for a long time, the body (psyche) "forgets" for a long time! And sometimes it happens to hit, in some old shields we have dofig of “direct” phases, and very often it’s yellow - green wire! yes
+1
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Now I’m also afraid of a thunderstorm.))))) And before the lightning strike two meters from me, I laughed at these fears .... Moreover, it’s not me who is afraid, but how to say it ... " fears")))). Immediately strained some ... Ears begins to lay. Although, I (mind) is not afraid! But I can’t relax. Like a conditioned reflex of some kind! ...
.. They say that what does not kill us makes us stronger ... Apparently, this does not apply to the fact that we "almost finished off."))))
+1
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Yeah, the whole company is out of step, I’m alone in the leg!

- Hello dear, do not go to the boulevard! I heard on the radio that there was one fool rushing against the movement!
- One??? ... Yes, there are thousands of them here !!!!
xaxa
0
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This is not you argued, but Nruter. Reread what he wrote. That the blue wire is always zero. Therefore, white is always a phase. As for the grounding, yellow with green, no one will dispute.

And further. If the house was built 20-25 years ago, then you can see that the installation of the panels is made with a wire of the same color (white). And no one with their PUE does not climb and does not force to remount. Counters and machines are forced to change, yes.

What about 2Dem I will say so. He loves to attack, criticize. He attacked me too, we had graters with him, some more! But I came to the conclusion that he fumbles in several areas, so I thoughtfully read what he writes. I take from there valuable, I do not take unnecessary. Filtering, so to speak ... smoke boss

And PUE, in your opinion, what did the Gods compose? People like us. Not everything is smooth and changing there.

Cook slippers and rotten eggs so that there is something to rush at me. Sha I will start to ask questions that are not answered in your favorite PUE. Referring, as you are used to, will be nothing. xaxa
+2
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You, as well as installers who performed installation in a three-letter office, do not quite own the normative documentation, therefore you did it randomly. Read carefully p.1.1.29 PUE. "Zero working (neutral) conductors are indicated by the letter N and blue." Are designatedKarl !! Not "should be blue," but "marked with ... blue!" If there are conductors of blue (blue) color, then we must, of course, apply them. But if not - it is necessary signify ends at the connection points. How? Blue tube, heat shrink.

As for "L1, L2, L3 - COLORS. N - WHITE.", Why did they drag it together? The above-mentioned PUE clause cannot be applied to foreign-made equipment.
+2
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when you say that the phase is, of course, a white wire.
These are your fantasies. I never claimed that the phase wire is white. And in the regulatory documentation this is not required.
I will give 1.1.1 PUE:

"For the color and digital designation of individual insulated or uninsulated conductors, colors and numbers shall be used in accordance with GOST R 50462" Identification of conductors by color or digital designation. "

Protective grounding conductors in all electrical installations, as well as zero protective conductors in electrical installations with voltage up to 1 kV with dead-grounded neutral, incl. tires must have the letter PE and the color designation alternating longitudinal or transverse stripes of the same width (for tires from 15 to 100 mm) in yellow and green.

Zero working (neutral) conductors are indicated by the letter N and blue. The combined zero protective and zero working conductors shall have the letter PEN and the color designation: blue over the entire length and yellow-green stripes at the ends. "

read what 2Dem wrote to us

Fucked, of course, authority, steeper than the PUE. xaxa
0
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Valery
man gets used to everything
Even when he hangs himself, he twitches a little, and then he gets used to it! xaxa
+3
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R555
I'm right, and you, unfortunately, are not
Yeah, the whole company is out of step, I’m alone in the leg! Especially when you confuse the old two-wire and modern standards! xaxa
+1
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Valery
I can’t understand the mechanisms, but a person gets used to everything.
I also thought so, sometimes getting energized, but after I fell under a non-releasing "arm - arm" and miraculously survived, I even take a mild blow quite nervously, apparently the body remembered! yes
+1
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one serious state structure of three letters.

This is the one whose name (Belarus) has remained unchanged, but is it starting on Fe now? )))))))
0
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Say it right Valery, when I worked at the factory as a regulator of color TVs, there was practically no day that I did not “jerk” high voltage, who do not know, 27-28 thousand volts, picture tube anodeTrue, the current is small). And not because it is not neat. It’s just its own specifics of work, especially when the foreman of the site, the foreman requires a plan to complete quickly. We, traffic controllers, all beat so. Without consequences, indeed, as if a matter of habit. And for the first time, one newcomer was struck by the same strain, so he lost consciousness and bleeding through his nose. But, I want to clarify that if you grab with both hands, the habit may not help.
+4
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Well, yes ... then the RCD must be thrown out of the circuit))))
By the same logic, our mechanic put more powerful "heaters" on the motors. And I still think, why are these motors burning ????
He looked himself - Twa-a-a-mother! The heat trap is three times more powerful than necessary !!! I am calling him ... I ask, "What is this ???". He told me: “Vladimirovich! So the one who stood there started to work all the time! So I set it more powerful!” ... I told him that, they say, it is necessary not to strengthen the heater, but, bl ... replace the bearings in the motor! !! "...
And then they told me that in response to this, he twisted his finger around his temple ... And laughed ... Like, "To the fool! Well, what does the bearings to the electrical part? !!!" )))))
Well, there's nothing to explain ... It’s pointless to explain ... There’s only one argument: "Do as I said because ... because otherwise I will punish you !!!" ...)))))
+2
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Decently or not - the feeling of this depends on a number of reasons: age, gender, skin condition, health condition, etc.
Oddly enough, but also from the "addictive." I can’t understand the mechanisms, but a person gets used to everything.
In "urgent" I was a signalman. And when I twisted the wires, according to the law of meanness, it was necessary that someone started to call !!)))) (You see, yes, what does it mean to call, and even in military networks, and not in civilian networks!)))) ... At first, the wires were "knocked out" of my hands and then I was afraid to take them again .... And by the end of the service I did not even frown, continued to twist them, quietly pronouncing the phrase "Soft sign-dyalb" on the contrary))))).
I also remembered how in the stoker I opened the shield to power up, and there are two tires with wires. And it is not clear which of them is zero! (I need one phase). And there is no indicator with you. So the ensign-electrician told me, "Don’t run anywhere. So let's define it!" And the TWO FINGERS began to briefly touch different pairs of wires! At the same time, each time saying "U ... Yo-yo-yo-b ....", but immediately touching the next pair ... According to him, "phase-phase" and "phase-zero" fight very differently !!!))))))). Found the right pair !!))))).
In my "fucking", he only said that, "when you are shocked ... yaris almost every day, then after twenty years you can bare your phase with your teeth" ...))))
+4
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- Doctor, I have a very severe itch between my toes!
- Between which ones?
- Between the toes of both feet !!!
))))))
0
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Much has been said here about the need for grounding. But no one said about cases where grounding can be deadly.

Have you ever wondered why the ground wire is connected to the device by clamping with a screw or nutrather than a detachable connection? And why in outlets and plugs 2 grounding contacts on the sides?

The fact is that if you are already grounded, then you need to ground ALL electrical appliances nearby. It may happen that one of the devices was not grounded or, due to poor contact, was not grounded. And he has a leak or a breakdown of phase voltage to the housing.And it so happened that you touched with one hand the instrument case with a leak, and with the other hand touched the case of a grounded device. Even if you are standing on the floor with a poorly conducting current, under such circumstances, you will most likely be killed. Many such cases have been described.
0
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And now, Nruter, Korolev, Ivan_Pokhmelevread what we wrote 2Dem about the insulation colors of the phase and neutral wires. And you will understand that I am right, and you, unfortunately, are not, when you say that the phase is, of course, a white wire.

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